By America Magazine (The Jesuit Review)
Kevin Clarke
A giant industrial generator rages behind her—the power is out again and noisy generators on street corners around the district are roaring into action—but Maryamana, “Mother Mary,” gazes serenely down on the traffic fuming and stalling around her in Ankawa, a suburb of Erbil.
Travelers visiting Iraqi Kurdistan for the first time may be surprised by the giant statue of the Virgin Mary at this busy square not far from the U.S. consulate, but Erbil is known for its ethnic and religious diversity, and Ankawa is a largely Christian community.
Kevin Clarke
A giant industrial generator rages behind her—the power is out again and noisy generators on street corners around the district are roaring into action—but Maryamana, “Mother Mary,” gazes serenely down on the traffic fuming and stalling around her in Ankawa, a suburb of Erbil.
Travelers visiting Iraqi Kurdistan for the first time may be surprised by the giant statue of the Virgin Mary at this busy square not far from the U.S. consulate, but Erbil is known for its ethnic and religious diversity, and Ankawa is a largely Christian community.
The
Diocese of Erbil is building another Maryamana just down the road. This
one is the Maryamana Hospital, a 90-bed facility with every modern
medical capacity imaginable; it is scheduled to open in the new year.
The property had been a near-completed shopping mall before its
resurrection as a hospital. Abandoned by financiers during the region’s
ongoing economic crisis, it was adopted by hundreds of families who had
fled Mosul or Christian communities nearby during the ISIS onslaught in
June 2014. The families squatted here until they found alternative
housing, fled Iraq completely or—for an increasing number of Christian
families over the last year—had the opportunity to return to their
former homes. The hospital’s promoters hope it will be a beacon of mercy
and hope for Christians and other religious and ethnic minorities of
northern Iraq now that large-scale combat against ISIS appears at an end.
Another
prominent structure just down the street from the statue of Maryamana
is St. Joseph’s Cathedral. Its compound, which includes the residence of
Erbil’s Chaldean Archbishop Bashar Warda,
has turned over a yard inside to straggly grape vines that may one day
be changed into wine. It is small evidence of a normalcy that is
struggling to return since Daesh, as ISIS militants are known here, were
obliterated by Iraqi, Kurdish and U.S. forces or driven from the region
(or, as many worry, became “shaved beards” and melted back into the
community).
Just months ago these same grounds were crowded with
thousands who had fled from Daesh into the bishop’s care with just the
clothes on their backs.
Scores of families who now live scattered
across Ankawa can tell the same story as Maryam, 22, and her sister
Wasan, 18. After days of rumors of Daesh mayhem and the sound of gunfire
and explosions approaching, they fled with their siblings and parents
on June 10, 2014, minutes ahead of Daesh but not before they were beaten
out of the city by escaping police and Iraqi security forces.
Maryam
remembers watching the soldiers strip off their uniforms as they made
their escape ahead of the terrified Christian families of Mosul. They
knew that the road to Erbil was being cut off by the Peshmerga, the
Kurdish defense force, so Maryam and her family fled toward Dohuk. A
trip that normally took one hour became a 22-hour ordeal for the
family—trapped in a giant traffic jam of terrified Mosul residents even
as the sound of gunfire grew closer.
After
surviving on the kindness of friends in Dohuk, the family went to
Jordan hoping to find an option for refugee resettlement in Europe or
America. Nine months later they returned in frustration to Iraq, this
time to Erbil. Now the sisters attend the Catholic University in Erbil,
which opened in 2017. They hope to prepare themselves there for whatever
the future might bring.
Though their home miraculously survived
ISIS occupation and then a massively destructive offensive to drive the
militants out of Mosul, it was pockmarked with bullet holes and stripped
of every belonging and fixture. But it is not their childhood home’s
structural state that keeps them away from Mosul. Their father, Yusif,
has little confidence in the family’s future in Erbil, but he insists
that he and his children will never go back to Mosul.
“How can we
live with them again?” Maryam asks of former neighbors who welcomed ISIS
even as they and the other Christian families fled in terror. How can
they accept the neighbor who joined ISIS and contacted them while they
lived in Dohuk, urging them to return but only after converting to
Islam?
Can
they ever be sure that a night like June 10, 2014, will never happen
again? “No, I don’t think so,” Maryam says, her bright smile dissolving.
“I don’t think that trust can ever be restored.”
Yusif is ready
to leave Iraq behind forever if another nation accepts him and his
family. How can the world stand by and do nothing to help them, he asks.
He does not understand this silence before the massive groan of
Christian suffering in Iraq.
The night before, two young men of
Erbil shared their own experience of living as members of a Christian
minority in Iraq. One, Ramin, had fled with his family from Kirkuk even
before ISIS attacked, after death threats from his Muslim neighbors. The
other, Alin, says life even in an Iraqi city more at home with
diversity like Erbil can be filled with obstacles and petty indignities
to members of a minority faith.
Yet these two say they plan to
stay in Erbil and see what the future will bring, to try to build lives
here. Their resistance to leaving is partly practical—they recognize the
increasing obstacles to legal asylum in Europe and the United States
and simply do not want to start all over elsewhere—and partly emotional
and spiritual.
“This is where my family is; this is where my
friends are; this is where my church is,” says Alin. “We [Assyrian
Christians] are the indigenous people of this land. We built this
civilization, we built this country.” He intends to stay, though he
knows the odds are against him. Does he hold out any hope for Christians
in Iraq?
“No, I don’t believe in the future,” he says. “I just accept the challenges I will have in the future.”
And
children in the future? They are too young for that, Ramin and Alin
say. And who could think of such in Iraq the way it is today? None of
their recently married friends, at least the ones who haven’t left the
country, are thinking about having children, they say.
Before the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, the Christian population,
already significantly diminished by years of economic sanctions that
pushed the well-off and educated out of Iraq, had been reduced to
perhaps 1.5 million people. After years of Daesh terror and the
devastating response to it by coalition forces, the number of Christians
in the entire nation is by even the most optimistic estimates no more
than 250,000 to 300,000. There may be as few as 150,000 left.
Yet backed by the Nineveh Reconstruction Committee
and the vision and energy of the omnipresent Archbishop Warda, many in
and around Erbil and Mosul are struggling to reverse the flight of the
world’s oldest Christian communities. The hospital, new apartments for
young married couples, shops for new businesses and jobs for Erbil’s
well-educated and restless youth are part of the diocese’s vigorous
efforts to rebuild Christian villages and communities and ultimately a
Christian presence and identity in Iraq. This week I will be visiting
some of the places where that restoration is happening in Nineveh and
northern Iraq, hearing the stories and considering the obstacles and
prospects for success of this historic reconstruction effort.
“It is one thing to rebuild a house,” says a priest at work among displaced people here in Erbil, “and we need to do it.
“But it is another thing to rebuild trust.”